0000950170-23-008194 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Life Insurance Policies (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) Individual	Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Supplementary Information For Corporate Owned Life Insurance [Line Items]
Number of former employees covered under insurance policies \| Individual	16
Average age of former employees covered under insurance policies	79 years
Gross cash surrender values of life insurance	$ 29,500		$ 28,300
Loans on cash surrender value	26,000		25,200
Net cash surrender values of life insurance	4,120		4,018
Gross death benefit of life insurance contracts	37,000		36,000
Life insurance proceeds to be received upon the death of participants	10,600
Non-taxable life insurance gain		$ 987
Casualty Events [Member]
Supplementary Information For Corporate Owned Life Insurance [Line Items]
Expected non-taxable life insurance gain upon death of participants	7,100
Non-taxable life insurance gain		$ 1,000
Non-Qualified Defined Benefit Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan [Member]
Supplementary Information For Corporate Owned Life Insurance [Line Items]
Net cash surrender values of life insurance	$ 3,500		$ 3,100

Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software

Property, equipment and capitalized software at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are summarized as follows:


December 31,	Useful Life	2022			2021
(amounts in thousands)	(years)
Equipment	2-10	$	6,739		$	6,796
Furniture	5-10		1,790			1,875
Capitalized software	3-5		1,484			2,377
Other software	2-5		2,799			2,234
Leasehold improvements	1-15		2,274			2,346
		$	15,086		$	15,628
Accumulated depreciation and amortization			(10,025	)		(10,386	)
		$	5,061		$	5,242

The Company capitalizes software projects developed for commercial use. The Company recorded capitalized software costs during 2022 and 2021 as follows:


	For the year ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)	2022			2021
Capitalized software, beginning balance	$	1,607		$	1,619
Foreign currency translation		(123	)		(12	)
Capitalized software	$	1,484		$	1,607

Capitalized software amortization periods range from three to five years, and are evaluated periodically for propriety. The Company capitalized a total of $0.5 million of costs related to the development of software for sale or license during 2022. Amortization expense and accumulated amortization for these projects at December 31, 2022 and 2021 are as follows:


	For the year ended December 31,
(amounts in thousands)	2022		2021
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	$	978	$	502
Amortization expense		254		476
Accumulated amortization	$	1,232	$	978

Property, Equipment and Capitalized Software - Schedule of Amortization Expense and Accumulated Amortization (Details) - Capitalized Software [Member] - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Property Plant And Equipment [Line Items]
Accumulated amortization, beginning balance	$ 978	$ 502
Amortization expense	254	476
Accumulated amortization, ending balance	$ 1,232	$ 978

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Assets
Deferred compensation	$ 2,959	$ 4,498
Loss and credit carryforwards	701	1,454
Accruals deductible for tax purposes when paid	231	908
State taxes	715	639
Depreciation	34	42
Unrealized gain	143	74
Leases	4,726	5,691
Research and development expenses	1,086
Other	41	13
Gross deferred tax assets	10,636	13,319
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance	(746)	(2,128)	$ (7,664)	$ (5,695)
Gross deferred tax assets less valuation allowance	9,890	11,191
Liabilities
Amortization	(3,221)	(1,847)
Depreciation	(521)	(477)
Leases	(4,726)	(5,691)
Deferred compensation	(18)	(22)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(8,486)	(8,037)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	1,404	3,154
Net non-current assets	2,886	4,946	$ 393
Net non-current liabilities	(1,482)	(1,792)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$ 1,404	$ 3,154

Lease Commitments - Summary of Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term, Discount Rate and Supplemental Cash Flow Information for All Operating Leases (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Lease, Cost [Abstract]
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)	5 years 4 months 2 days
Weighted average remaining discount rate	3.85%
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash outflow from operating leases	$ 6,776
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 4,076

Document and Entity Information Document - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Mar. 10, 2023	Jul. 01, 2022
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Amendment Flag	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2022
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2022
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Trading Symbol	CTG
Entity Registrant Name	COMPUTER TASK GROUP, INCORPORATED
Entity Central Index Key	0000023111
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Filer Category	Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Entity Public Float			$ 132.1
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		15,747,376
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share
Security Exchange Name	NASDAQ
Entity File Number	1-9410
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	NY
Entity Tax Identification Number	16-0912632
Entity Address, Address Line One	300 Corporate Parkway
Entity Address, Address Line Two	Suite 214N
Entity Address, City or Town	Amherst
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	14226
City Area Code	716
Local Phone Number	882-8000
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Documents Incorporated by Reference	None.
Auditor Name	Grant Thornton LLP
Auditor Firm ID	248
Auditor Location	Cleveland, OH, United States

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for 2022, 2021, and 2020 consists of the following:


	2022			2021			2020
(amounts in thousands)
Domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes are as follows:
Domestic	$	2,955		$	4,797		$	2,497
Foreign		6,599			6,940			8,164
Total income before income taxes	$	9,554		$	11,737		$	10,661
The provision (benefit) for income taxes consists of:
Current tax:
U.S. federal	$	188		$	(219	)	$	258
Foreign		2,586			2,654			2,679
U.S. state and local		160			138			365
Total current tax		2,934			2,573			3,302
Deferred tax:
U.S. federal		69			(3,810	)		—
Foreign		(17	)		60			(280	)
U.S. state and local		(41	)		(816	)		—
Total deferred tax		11			(4,566	)		(280	)
Total tax	$	2,945		$	(1,993	)	$	3,022
The effective and statutory income tax rate can be reconciled as follows:
Tax at statutory rate	$	2,006		$	2,465		$	2,239
State tax, net of federal benefit		144			280			53
Non-taxable income		(224	)		(192	)		(393	)
Non-deductible expenses		694			9			569
Change in estimate primarily related to foreign taxes		303			352			(227	)
Change in valuation allowance related to U.S. federal taxes		—			(5,229	)		1,952
Change in estimate primarily related to U.S. federal taxes		49			—			(1,141	)
Tax credits		(512	)		(260	)		(679	)
GILTI		—			—			146
Foreign rate differential		441			504			488
Other, net		44			78			15
Total tax	$	2,945		$	(1,993	)	$	3,022
Effective income tax rate		30.8	%		(17.0	)%		28.3	%

The ETR was lower in 2021 primarily due to the reversal of the valuation allowance against the Company’s US deferred tax assets.

The Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2022 and 2021 consist of the following:


December 31,	2022			2021
(amounts in thousands)
Assets
Deferred compensation	$	2,959		$	4,498
Loss and credit carryforwards		701			1,454
Accruals deductible for tax purposes when paid		231			908
State taxes		715			639
Depreciation		34			42
Unrealized gain		143			74
Leases		4,726			5,691
Research and development expenses		1,086			—
Other		41			13
Gross deferred tax assets		10,636			13,319
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance		(746	)		(2,128	)
Gross deferred tax assets less valuation allowance		9,890			11,191
Liabilities
Amortization		(3,221	)		(1,847	)
Depreciation		(521	)		(477	)
Leases		(4,726	)		(5,691	)
Deferred compensation		(18	)		(22	)
Gross deferred tax liabilities		(8,486	)		(8,037	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	1,404		$	3,154
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded as follows:
Net non-current assets	$	2,886		$	4,946
Net non-current liabilities		(1,482	)		(1,792	)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	1,404		$	3,154

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers, within each taxing jurisdiction, whether it is more likely than not that all or some portion of the deferred tax assets will be realized, or that a valuation allowance is required. Management considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, in assessing realizability of its deferred tax assets. A key component of this assessment is management’s critical evaluation of current and future impacts of business and economic factors on the Company’s ability to generate future taxable income. Factors that may affect the Company’s ability to generate taxable income include, but are not limited to, increased competition, a decline in revenue or margins, a loss of market share, the availability of qualified professional staff, and a decrease in demand for the Company’s services. The analysis that the Company prepared to determine the valuation allowance required significant judgment and assumptions regarding future market conditions as well as forecasts for profits, taxable income, and taxable income by jurisdiction. Due to the sensitivity of the analysis, changes to the assumptions in subsequent periods could have a material effect on the valuation allowance. Additionally, management has determined that a valuation allowance is required against its Netherlands and India deferred taxes. The total valuation allowance recorded against these deferred tax assets is $0.7 million, a net decrease of $1.4 million during the year driven by a change in the discount rate on a European pension plan, of which less than $0.1 million was recorded as income tax benefit in the consolidated statement of operations.

The Company has various state net operating loss carryforwards of $0.6 million. The state carryforwards begin to expire in 2023. The Company has net operating loss carryforwards in the Netherlands, United Kingdom, and India of $0.2 million, $0.5 million, and $0.8 million, respectively. The carryforwards in the Netherlands begin to expire in 2023, the carryforwards in the United Kingdom have no expiration date, and the carryforwards in India begin to expire in 2028.

At December 31, 2022, the Company believes it has adequately provided for its tax-related liabilities, and that no reserve for unrecognized tax benefits is necessary. No significant change in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits is expected within the next twelve months. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits (if any) in tax expense, as applicable. At December 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company had no accrual for the payment of interest and penalties.

The Company has not recorded a U.S. deferred tax liability for the excess book basis over the tax basis of its investments in foreign subsidiaries as these amounts continue to be indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations.

Net income tax payments during 2022, 2021, and 2020 totaled $3.0 million, $2.7 million, and $4.2 million, respectively.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32857-109319

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330215-122817

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32809-109319

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
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-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=122134291&loc=d3e330036-122817

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=121826272&loc=d3e32705-109319

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Publisher FASB
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120395691&loc=d3e23780-122690

+ Details

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Summary of Changes in Carrying Amount of Goodwill (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Balance at the Beginning of period	$ 19,676	$ 21,275
Acquired goodwill	17,439	0
Foreign currency translation	(1,117)	(1,599)
Balance at the End of period	$ 35,998	$ 19,676

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Deferred Compensation Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Deferred Compensation Benefits

The Company maintains a non-qualified defined-benefit Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan (ESBP) that provides certain former key executives with deferred compensation benefits, based on years of service and base compensation, payable during retirement. The plan was amended as of November 30, 1994, to freeze benefits for the participants in the plan at that time.

The Company also retained certain potential obligations related to a contributory defined-benefit plan for its previous employees located in the Netherlands (NDBP) when the Company disposed of its subsidiary, CTG Nederland, B.V. Benefits paid are a function of a percentage of career average pay. This plan was curtailed for additional contributions in January 2003.

The Company also maintains a fully funded pension plan related to CTG Belgium and CTG Health Solutions (Belgium) employees (BDBP). This is a plan with active employees and the Company expects to make future contributions.

As a result of the acquisition of Soft Company on February 15, 2018, the Company maintains an unfunded pension plan related to the current Soft Company employees (FDBP). The Company did not make contributions to this plan in 2021 or 2022 and does not anticipate making contributions to the plan in 2023. No benefit payments were made in 2021 or 2022 and none are expected to be paid in 2023.

On March 3, 2020, the Company acquired StarDust and now maintains an unfunded pension plan related to the current StarDust employees (SDBP). The Company did not make contributions to this plan in 2021 or 2022 and does not anticipate making contributing to this plan in 2023. No benefit payments were made in 2021 or 2022 and none are expected to be paid in 2023.

On September 29, 2022, the Company acquired Eleviant and now maintains an unfunded defined-benefit gratuity plan related to the current Eleviant employees (IDBP). The Company did not make contributions to this plan in 2022 and does not anticipate making contributing to this plan in 2023. No benefit payments were made in 2022 and none are expected to be paid in 2023.

Net periodic pension cost for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 for all of the plans is as follows:


Net Periodic Pension Cost	2022			2021			2020
(amounts in thousands)
Service cost	$	451		$	499		$	428
Interest cost		353			197			355
Expected return on assets		(638	)		(702	)		(657	)
Amortization of actuarial loss		500			495			304
Net periodic pension cost	$	666		$	489		$	430

The change in benefit obligation and reconciliation of fair value of plan assets for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 for the ESBP, NDBP, BDBP, FDBP, SDBP, and IDBP plans are as follows:


Changes in Benefit Obligation	2022			2021
(amounts in thousands)
Benefit obligation at beginning of period	$	30,957		$	34,729
Service cost		451			499
Interest cost		352			197
Benefits paid		(1,086	)		(1,036	)
Acquisition		274			—
Actuarial loss		(3,874	)		(1,341	)
Effect of exchange rate changes		(1,502	)		(2,091	)
Benefit obligation at end of period		25,572			30,957
Reconciliation of Fair Value of Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of period		19,978			20,656
Actual return on plan assets		812			636
Employer contributions		1,195			1,199
Benefits paid		(988	)		(922	)
Effect of exchange rate changes		(1,274	)		(1,591	)
Fair value of plan assets at end of period		19,723			19,978
Accrued benefit cost	$	5,849		$	10,979

Accrued benefit cost for the ESBP, NDBP, BDBP, FDBP, SDBP, and IDBP is included in the consolidated balance sheet as follows:


(amounts in thousands except percentages)	ESBP			NDBP			BDBP			FDBP			SDBP			IDBP
As of December 31, 2022:
Non-current assets	$	—		$	—		$	58		$	—		$	—		$	—
Current liabilities	$	503		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	38
Non-current liabilities	$	3,168		$	1,583		$	—		$	283		$	31		$	301
Discount rates:
Benefit obligation		4.76	%		3.40	%		3.80	%		3.30	%		3.30	%		6.90	%
Net periodic pension cost		2.10	%		1.00	%		3.80	%		1.00	%		1.00	%		6.40	%
Salary increase rate		—	%		—	%		4.05	%		2.20	%		2.20	%		5.00	%
Expected return on plan assets		—	%		4.00	%		3.00	%		—	%		—	%		—	%
As of December 31, 2021:
Non-current assets	$	—		$	—		$	100		$	—		$	—		$	—
Current liabilities	$	509		$	—		$	—		$	36		$	—		$	—
Non-current liabilities	$	3,844		$	6,280		$	—		$	367		$	41		$	—
Discount rates:
Benefit obligation		2.10	%		1.00	%		1.05	%		1.00	%		0.35	%		—	%
Net periodic pension cost		1.56	%		0.40	%		1.05	%		0.35	%		0.45	%		—	%
Salary increase rate		—	%		—	%		3.75	%		1.90	%		1.75	%		—	%
Expected return on plan assets		—	%		4.00	%		3.10	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

For the ESBP, the accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $3.7 million and $4.4 million, respectively. The amounts included in other comprehensive income relating to the pension loss adjustment in 2022 and 2021, net of tax, was both approximately $(0.2) million. The discount rate used in 2022 was 4.76%, which is reflective of a series of bonds that are included in the Moody’s AA long-term corporate bond yield whose cash flow approximates the payments to participants under the ESBP for the remainder of the plan. This rate was an increase of 266 basis points from the rate used in the prior year and resulted in a decrease in the plan’s liabilities of $0.7 million. Benefits paid to participants are funded by the Company as needed, and are expected to total approximately $0.5 million in 2023. The plan is deemed unfunded as the Company has not specifically identified Company assets to be used to discharge the deferred compensation benefit liabilities. The Company has purchased insurance on the lives of certain plan participants in amounts considered sufficient to reimburse the Company for the costs associated with the plan for those participants. The Company does not anticipate making contributions to the plan other than for current year benefit payments as required in 2023 or future years.

For the NDBP, the accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $8.8 million and $13.9 million, respectively. The discount rate used in 2022 was 3.40%, which is reflective of a series of corporate bonds whose cash flow approximates the payments to participants under the NDBP for the remainder of the plan. This rate was an increase of 240 basis points from the rate used in the prior year. The increase in the discount rate and foreign currency fluctuations resulted in a decrease in the plan’s liabilities of $5.1 million in 2022.

The assets for the NDBP are held by Aegon, a financial services firm located in the Netherlands. The Company maintains a contract with Aegon to insure future benefit payments of the NDBP; however, due to certain terms of the agreement and potential obligations to the Company, the NDBP has not been settled. The benefit payments to be made in 2023 are expected to be paid by Aegon from plan assets. The assets for the plan are included in a general portfolio of government bonds, a portion of which is allocated to the NDBP based upon the estimated pension liability associated with the plan. The fair market value of the plan’s assets equals the contractual value of the NDBP in any given year. The fair value of the assets is determined using a Level 3 methodology (see Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Fair Value”). In 2022 and 2021, the plan investments had a targeted minimum return of 4.0%, which is consistent with historical returns and the 4.0% return guaranteed to the participants of the plan. Aegon intends to maintain the current investment strategy of investing plan assets solely in government bonds in 2023.

For the BDBP, the accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $12.4 million and $12.3 million, respectively. The discount rate used in 2022 was 3.80%, which is reflective of a series of corporate bonds whose cash flow approximates the payments to participants under the BDBP for the remainder of the plan. This rate was an increase of 275 basis points from the rate used in the prior year. The increase in discount rates resulted in an increase in the plan’s liabilities of $0.1 million in 2022.

The assets for the BDBP are held by Allianz for the CTG Belgium plan and by Vivium for the CTG Health Solutions (Belgium) plan, both financial services firms are located in Belgium. The Company maintains a contract with Allianz to insure future benefit payments of the BDBP. Contributions made by the Company to Allianz and Vivium are based on employees’ current salaries. The benefit payments to be made in 2023 are expected to be paid by Allianz and Vivium from plan assets. The assets for the plan are included in the overall portfolio of assets held by Allianz and Vivium. The fair market value of the plan’s assets equals the contractual value of the BDBP in any given year (which is the mathematical reserve held by Allianz and Vivium). The fair value of the assets is determined using a Level 3 methodology (see Note 1 “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies—Fair Value”). Allianz and Vivium do not guarantee a minimum return on the plan investments, whereas Belgian law sets a minimum return to be guaranteed to the participants of the plan.

For the FDBP, the accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. The amounts included in other comprehensive loss relating to the pension loss adjustment in 2022 and 2021 were $(0.1) million and $(0.2) million, respectively. The discount rate used in 2022 was 3.30%, which is reflective of a series of corporate bonds whose cash flows approximates the payments to participants under the FDBP for the remainder of the plan. This rate was an increase of 230 basis points from the rate used in the prior year. The plan is deemed unfunded as the Company has not specifically identified Company assets to be used to discharge the deferred compensation benefit liabilities.

For the SDBP, the accumulated benefit obligation at both December 31, 2022 and 2021 was less than $0.1 million. The amounts included in other comprehensive loss relating to the pension loss adjustment in 2022 and 2021 were less than $(0.1) million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. The discount rate used in 2022 was 3.30%, which is reflective of a series of corporate bonds whose cash flows approximates the payments to participants under the SDBP for the remainder of the plan. The plan is deemed unfunded as the Company has not specifically identified Company assets to be used to discharge the deferred compensation benefit liabilities.

For the IDBP, the accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2022 was $0.3 million. The amounts included in other comprehensive loss relating to the pension loss adjustment in 2022 was less than $0.1 million. The discount rate used in 2022 was 6.90%, which is reflective of government bonds whose cash flows approximates the payments to participants under the IDBP for the remainder of the plan. The plan is deemed unfunded as the Company has not specifically identified Company assets to be used to discharge the deferred compensation benefit liabilities.

Anticipated benefit payments for the ESBP, NDBP, BDBP, FDBP, SDBP, and IDBP expected to be paid in future years are as follows:



(amounts in thousands)
2023	$	910
2024		947
2025		1,662
2026		1,671
2027		934
2028 - 2032		6,492
Total	$	12,616

For the ESBP, NDBP, BDBP, FDBP, SDBP, and IDBP, the amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost as of December 31, 2022 are $0.8 million, $2.0 million, $1.6 million, $(0.2) million, less than $0.1 million, and less than $0.1 million, respectively, for unrecognized actuarial losses (gains). The amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, that have not yet been recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost as of December 31, 2021 were $1.1 million, $6.7 million, $1.5 million, $(0.1) million, less than $0.1 million, and zero, respectively, for unrecognized actuarial losses (gains).

The amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for 2022, 2021, and 2020 related to year-over-year changes in the discount rate, totaled $(4.9) million, $(2.5) million, and $2.3 million, respectively. Net periodic pension cost and the amounts recognized in other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the ESBP, NDBP, BDBP, FDBP, SDBP, and IDBP for 2022, 2021, and 2020 totaled $(4.2) million, $(2.0) million, and $2.7 million, respectively.

The amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost during 2023 for the ESBP, NDBP, BDBP, FDBP, SDBP, and IDBP for unrecognized actuarial gains and losses total $0.4 million.

The Company also maintains the Key Employee Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for certain key executives. Company contributions to this plan, if any, are based on annually defined financial performance objectives. There were no contributions to the plan in 2022, 2021, or 2020, and the Company does not anticipate making contributions in 2023. The investments in the plan are included in the total assets of the Company. Participants in the plan have the ability to purchase stock units from the Company at current market prices using their available investment balances within the plan. In return for the funds received, the Company releases shares out of treasury stock equivalent to the number of share units purchased by the participants. These shares of common stock are not entitled to any voting rights, but will receive dividends in the event any are paid. The shares are being held by the Company, and will be released to the participants as prescribed by their payment elections under the plan. There were no stock unit purchases during 2022. During 2021, an executive purchased 20,958 stock units from the Company using their available investment balance. There were no stock unit purchases during 2020.

The Company maintains the Non-Employee Director Deferred Compensation Plan for its non-employee directors. During 2022, $0.1 million was contributed to the plan for a director. No cash contributions were made to the plan for the directors during 2021 or 2020. During 2022 and 2021, the Directors were granted shares out of the Company’s 2020 Equity Award Plan which were deposited into this plan. For 2020, the Directors were granted shares out of the Company’s 2010 Equity Award Plan. These shares of common stock are not entitled to any voting rights, but will receive dividends in the event any are paid. The shares are being held by the Company, and will be released to the participants as prescribed by their payment elections under the plan. During 2021, two directors retired from the Company’s Board of Directors, which resulted in 416,265 shares being released from this plan.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Equity-Based Compensation - Summary of Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Options (Details) - Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected life (years)	2 years 9 months 18 days	5 years 1 month 6 days	3 years 8 months 12 days
Risk-free interest rate	3.40%	0.80%	2.20%
Expected volatility	43.10%	41.90%	36.10%

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Billable Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Billable expenses	$ 0.6	$ 1.1	$ 1.9

Equity-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Details) - USD ($)			12 Months Ended
	Sep. 29, 2022	Mar. 18, 2022	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020	Dec. 31, 2019
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Weighted-average fair value on the date of grant of stock options granted				$ 3.46	$ 1.77
Stock-based compensation expense for non-vested equity-based compensation			$ 3,500,000
Stock based compensation expense, recognition period			24 months
Options exercised (in shares)			40,000	65,300	0
Intrinsic value of shares exercised			$ 200,000	$ 300,000	$ 100,000
Increase in stock price			$ 7.56
Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted				0
Restricted Stock [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Dividends paid			$ 0	$ 0	$ 0
Restricted Stock [Member] \| Stock Vesting, One Year From Grant Date [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares vesting percentage			33.00%	33.00%	33.00%
Restricted Stock [Member] \| Stock Vesting, Two Year From Grant Date [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares vesting percentage			25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Restricted Stock [Member] \| Stock Vesting, Three Year From Grant Date [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares vesting percentage			33.00%	33.00%	33.00%
Restricted Stock [Member] \| Stock Vesting, Four Year From Grant Date [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Shares vesting percentage			25.00%	25.00%	25.00%
Minimum [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			3 years
Maximum [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			4 years
2010 Equity Award Plan [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for grant			0
Stock options granted					173,010
Options exercised (in shares)			18,620	45,096	45,096
Intrinsic value of shares exercised			$ 100,000	$ 100,000	$ 0
2010 Equity Award Plan [Member] \| Restricted Stock [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Restricted stock and stock units, granted					599,928
Number of shares, cancelled			30,970	147,008	129,878
Number of shares, outstanding			547,945	929,745	1,484,985	1,146,884
2010 Equity Award Plan [Member] \| Minimum [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Years of annual installments in which stock options become exercisable			3 years
Award vesting period			1 year
2010 Equity Award Plan [Member] \| Maximum [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Years of annual installments in which stock options become exercisable			4 years
Award vesting period			15 years
2020 Equity Award plan [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period		3 years
Stock options granted			334,790
Weighted-average fair value on the date of grant of stock options granted		$ 3.14
2020 Equity Award plan [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option \| Eleviant Technologies, Inc. ("Eleviant") [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted	200,000
2020 Equity Award plan [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option \| Senior Management [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock options granted		134,790
2020 Equity Award plan [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option \| Stock Vesting, Two Year From Grant Date [Member] \| Eleviant Technologies, Inc. ("Eleviant") [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	3 months
Stock options granted	100,000
Weighted-average fair value on the date of grant of stock options granted	$ 1.66
2020 Equity Award plan [Member] \| Share-based Payment Arrangement, Option \| Stock Vesting, Three Year From Grant Date [Member] \| Eleviant Technologies, Inc. ("Eleviant") [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	1 year
Stock options granted	100,000
Weighted-average fair value on the date of grant of stock options granted	$ 2.25
2020 Equity Award plan [Member] \| Performance Shares [Member] \| Senior Management [Member]
Share Based Compensation Arrangement By Share Based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period			3 years	3 years
Weighted-average fair value on the date of grant of stock options granted			$ 9.12	$ 9.17
Shares vesting percentage			100.00%	100.00%
Restricted stock and stock units, granted			92,815	79,917
Performance conditions			Under these grant agreements, the Company's cumulative three-year non-GAAP earnings per share for the years 2022, 2023, and 2024 must equal or exceed $2.86 for 100% of the grants to vest. If the combined cumulative three-year non-GAAP earnings per share is 80% or more but less than 100% of the earnings per share target, a pro-rata portion of the grants shall vest. If at least 80% of the three-year non-GAAP earnings per share target is not met, the grants will expire.	Under these grant agreements, the Company’s cumulative three-year non-GAAP earnings per share for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023 must equal or exceed $2.01 for 100% of the grants to vest. If the combined cumulative three-year non-GAAP earnings per share is 80% or more but less than 100% of the earnings per share target, a pro-rata portion of the grants shall vest. If at least 80% of the three-year non-GAAP earnings per share target is not met, the grants will expire.
Increase in stock price			$ 2.86	$ 2.01
Percentage of shares to be increased before vesting period			80.00%	80.00%
Fair value of performance share units			$ 700,000	$ 700,000
Number of shares, cancelled			0	5,997